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TCP is a byte oriented protocol. This means that each byte of data has a sequence number, and the sequence number field contains the sequence number for the first byte of datacarried in theat segment. The acknowledgement and advertised window fields carry information about the flow of data going in the other direction.
TCP provides a Reliable Byte Stream Abstraction
Error Control: Cumulative ACK -> Next Byte & retransmission When needed
Flow Control: Receiver Window
Congestion Control: Congestion windows size using a reactive method
Review of Information also found on layer 2
Sender Windows Size: The size of the buffer on the sender. So you don't send if your window is full! You would risk forgetting about a frame that may need to be resent. Invariant: LFS-LAR+1<=SWS Where LAR=Last Acknowledgement Received and LFS=Last Frame Sent
Receiver Windows Size: The size of the buffer on the receiver. You don't receive if your window is full. Invariant: LFA-NFE<=RWS Where NFE=Next Frame Expected and LFA=Last Frame Accepted.
Sequence Number Space SWS <= (MaxSeqNum+1)/2, This is so the windows of the sender and receiver don't overlap.
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