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= Windows and AD Scripts =

== List of AD accounts and the last time they logged in ==

{{{#!highlight powershell
Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchBase "dc=home,dc=scotnpatti,dc=com" -ResultPageSize 0 -Prop CN,samaccountname,lastLogonTimestamp |
     select CN, samaccountname,@{n="lastLogonDate";e={[datetime]::FromFileTime($_.LastLogonTimestamp)}}
|| Get-Member || Will list the fields of the object you send it ||
|| Sort-Object -Property [property name] || Will sort the objects you send in by the property name(s) which can be a comma separated list ||
|| Where-Object {$_.property -like '*string*'} || Will filter the objects. Also short cut notation: ? {$_.property -like '*string*'} ||
|| Get-Command -Module PSWindowsUpdate || Lists all the commands in the PSWindowsUpdate module ||

= Windows =

== Expand all zip files into directories with zip name ==

{{{#!highlight powershell
$list = Get-ChildItem | ? { $_.Name -like "*.zip" } | select Name
foreach ($line in $list) {
    $parts = $line.Name.Split(".")
    $outDir = ".\" + $parts[0]
    $inFile = $line.Name
    mkdir $outDir
    Expand-Archive $inFile -DestinationPath $outDir
}
}}}


== List of Listening Ports with their owning programs ==

{{{#!highlight powershell
$listening = (Get-NetTCPConnection | ? {($_.State -eq "Listen") -and ($_.RemoteAddress -eq "0.0.0.0")})
foreach ($l in $listening) {
    $procid = $l.OwningProcess
    $proc = Get-Process -PID $procid | SELECT ID,ProcessName
    Write-Host $($l.LocalPort) "||" $($procid) "||" $proc.ProcessName
}
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= AD Scripts =

== Add User to the Active Directory as a batch ==

{{{#!highlight powershell
New-ADUser -Name "A a" -GivenName "A" -Surname "a" -SamAccountName "ab" -Path "OU=OU_Students,DC=cs,DC=southern,DC=edu" -AccountPassword (ConvertTo-SecureString "z36Hynyghg" -AsPlainText -Force) -Enabled $true
}}}

See: [[attachment:Sample Add students accounts for Powershell.xlsx|Excel Example]]

== List of AD accounts and the last time they logged in ==

{{{#!highlight powershell
# This method looks like it should work, but LastLogon is stored at each domain controller, and the domain controller you are using, may not have ever been logged into by the user
Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchBase "dc=home,dc=scotnpatti,dc=com" -ResultPageSize 0 -Prop CN,samaccountname,lastLogonTimestamp |
     select CN, samaccountname,@{n="lastLogonDate";e={[datetime]::FromFileTime($_.LastLogonTimestamp)}}

# INSTEAD USE THIS METHOD
Import-Module ActiveDirectory
function Get-LastLogonEvents
{
    $dcs = Get-ADDomainController -Filter {Name -like "*"}
    $users = Get-ADUser -Filter *
    $time = 0
    foreach($user in $users)
    {
        foreach($dc in $dcs)
        {
            $hostname = $dc.HostName
            $currentUser = Get-ADUser $user.SamAccountName | Get-ADObject -Server $hostname -Properties lastLogon
            if($currentUser.LastLogon -gt $time)
            {
                $time = $currentUser.LastLogon
            }
        }
        $dt = [DateTime]::FromFileTime($time)
        Write-Host $currentUser "last logged on at:" $dt
        $time = 0
    }
}
Get-LastLogonEvents
}}}

== Delete AD User accounts that have not been used in X days ==

{{{#!highlight powershell
$DaysAgo = (Get-Date).AddDays(-180)
#Get-ADUser -Filter {Enabled -eq $True} -Properties LastLogonDate | ? {($_.LastLogonDate -le $DaysAgo) } | FT Name, SamAccountName, DistinguishedName, LastLogonDate
Get-ADUser -Filter {Enabled -eq $True} -Properties LastLogonDate | ? {($_.LastLogonDate -le $DaysAgo) } | Remove-ADUser -Confirm
}}}

== Delete AD Computer accounts that have not been used in X days ==
{{{#!highlight powershell
$YearAgo = (Get-Date).AddDays(-370)
Get-ADComputer -Filter * -Properties * | ? {$_.LastLogonDate -le $YearAgo } | Remove-ADObject -Recursive -Confirm
#Get-ADComputer -Filter * -Properties * | ? {$_.LastLogonDate -le $YearAgo } | FT Name, LastLogonDate -AutoSize
}}}

== Adding DNS records to Windows DNS - For CPTR 446 class ==

{{{#!highlight powershell
Import-Csv googleips.csv | ForEach-Object {
    Add-DnsServerResourceRecordA -Name $_.DNSName -ComputerName dc1.cs.southern.edu -ZoneName cs.southern.edu $_.IP
}
}}}

== Setting up a Group Managed Service Account ==

An account that is automatically managed (e.g. password updates) by the domain. See get-help New-AdServiceAccount

{{{#!highlight powershell
# Adds the required root key to the key distribution service
Add-KdsRootKey -EffectiveTime ((get-date).AddHours(-10))
#Create an account:
New-ADServiceAccount Sql-Srv-Acct -DNSHostName Sql-Srv-Acct.home.scotpatti.com -PrincipalsAllowedToRetrieveManagedPassword "Domain Controllers"
#Install account on rita.home.scotnpatti.com
Install-ADServiceAccount -Identity 'Sql-Srv-Acct'
}}}
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== List VMs at the end of the semester to be deleted ==

{{{#!highlight powershell
Get-SCVirtualMachine | Select Name, MarkedAsTemplate, Owner | Sort-Object -Property Owner, Name | Export-Csv -Path .\vms2019w.csv
}}}

== Get a list of VM Mac Addresses for CPTR 427 ==

{{{#!highlight powershell
Get-SCVirtualMachine | Where-Object { $_.Name -like "*427*" } | select -ExpandProperty VirtualNetworkAdapters | select MacAddress
}}}

== Get a list of IP address for SCVMM ==

{{{#!highlight powershell
Get-SCMACAddress -Assigned | Format-Table -Property `
@{label="MAC address"; expression={$_.Name}; width=18},
@{label="Name"; expression={$_.Description}; width=30},
@{label="IP address"; expression={$a = $_.Address -replace ":", "";
                                   $l = Get-DhcpServerv4Lease -ScopeId 10.10.4.0 -ComputerName "ruth" -ClientId $a;
                                   $l.IPAddress}; width=16}

#Get-DhcpServerv4Lease -ScopeId 216.249.119.0 -ComputerName 'csdc01' -ClientId '001DD8B71C28'
}}}

== Setting up a Windows 2019 Server for the first time ==

 1. Install the server - follow prompts.
 1. Setup the AVMA key as shown below OR use sconfig in the next step.

{{{#!highlight powershell
# Install the AVMA key.
slmgr /ipk TNK62-RXVTB-4P47B-2D623-4GF74

 1.

#First run sconfig and setup the name, timezone and network, remote management and remote desktop. You can also setup windows update from here.

# Next we need to install Windows update and get it started.
# This will install nuget package too.
Install-Module PSWindowsUpdate

# Now start the update process
# First we'll look at what updates are there
Get-WUInstall
# Now install them
Install-WindowsUpdate
}}}

See the NAT setup near the bottom! That appears to have negated the need to change firewall rules. Also, I was not able to connect to the system via Server Manager right away. But a few minutes later, I could. No changes were made. But for posterity, they are here:

{{{#!highlight powershell
# To turn on or off the firewall
Get-NetFirewallProfile
# to set firewall on or off
Set-NetFirewallProfile -Name Domain,Public,Private -Enabled True

#Te get/set the firewall rule for private networks to allow any machine on a private network.
Get-NetFirewallRule | ? {$_.DisplayGroup -like "Windows Remote Management*" -and $_.Profile -like "*Private*"} | Get-NetFirewallAddressFilter #Shows the address filter
Get-NetFirewallRule | ? {$_.DisplayGroup -like "Windows Remote Management*" -and $_.Profile -like "*Private*"} | Set-NetFirewallRule -RemoteAddress 192.168.1.0/24
}}}

Using Server Manager, install AD DS

== Power shell to list of VM hard drives sizes ==

{{{#!highlight powershell
$vms = Get-SCVirtualDiskDrive -all
foreach ($v in $vms)
{
    $d = $v | select -ExpandProperty VirtualHardDisk
    Write-Output "$($v.Name), $($d.Size)"
}
}}}

== List the amount of memory used by virtual machines ==

{{{#!highlight powershell
Get-SCVirtualMachine | ForEach-Object { $size += $_.Memory }
}}}

Resources:

 * [[https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/2d191bcd-3308-4edd-9de2-88dff796b0bc#content|Powershell and Windows Update]]

== Power Shell Scripts to create a NAT network (without DHCP) on Windows 10 ==

{{{#!highlight powershell
New-VMSwitch -SwitchName "CPTE230" -SwitchType Internal
Get-VMSwitch #just for show
Get-NetAdapter #get the ifIndex of your vEthernet adapter e.g. 67
New-NetIPAddress -IPAddress 192.168.1.1 -PrefixLength 24 -InterfaceIndex 67 #Using the network ifIndex found above, e.g. 67
New-NetNat -Name CPTE230NAT -InternalIPInterfaceAddressPrefix 192.168.1.0/24 #create the NAT
}}}

Here is a list of Power Shell Scripts that are too cool to ignore

For the uninitiated:

Symbol

Meaning

%

shortcut for foreach object

$_

current object in the pipeline

Get-Member

Will list the fields of the object you send it

Sort-Object -Property [property name]

Will sort the objects you send in by the property name(s) which can be a comma separated list

Where-Object {$_.property -like '*string*'}

Will filter the objects. Also short cut notation: ? {$_.property -like '*string*'}

Get-Command -Module PSWindowsUpdate

Lists all the commands in the PSWindowsUpdate module

Windows

Expand all zip files into directories with zip name

   1 $list = Get-ChildItem | ? { $_.Name -like "*.zip" } | select Name
   2 foreach ($line in $list) {
   3     $parts = $line.Name.Split(".")
   4     $outDir = ".\" + $parts[0]
   5     $inFile = $line.Name
   6     mkdir $outDir
   7     Expand-Archive $inFile -DestinationPath $outDir 
   8 }

List of Listening Ports with their owning programs

   1 $listening = (Get-NetTCPConnection | ? {($_.State -eq "Listen") -and ($_.RemoteAddress -eq "0.0.0.0")})
   2 foreach ($l in $listening) {
   3     $procid = $l.OwningProcess
   4     $proc = Get-Process -PID $procid | SELECT ID,ProcessName
   5     Write-Host $($l.LocalPort) "||" $($procid) "||" $proc.ProcessName
   6 }

List Memory Installed

   1 Get-WmiObject win32_physicalmemory | Format-Table Manufacturer,Banklabel,Configuredclockspeed,Devicelocator,Capacity,Serialnumber -autosize

List object from Registry - namely version of .NET installed

   1 gci 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP' | sort pschildname -des | foreach-object {$_.name; $_.GetValue("Version");}

Remote commands

   1 Invoke-Command -ComputerName eve -ScriptBlock { date }

Replace a string in a file using a regular expression

So I downloaded a bunch of files from "the way back machine" site and I needed to update the hard-coded links to be relative site links. The following little script did it for me.

   1 $files = ls Level*.html
   2 foreach ($item in $files) {
   3     (Get-Content -path $item) | % { $_ -Replace '(https://web.archive.org/nebula/level)([0123456789]{2})/', 'Level$2.html' } | Set-Content $item
   4 } 

AD Scripts

Add User to the Active Directory as a batch

   1 New-ADUser -Name "A a" -GivenName "A" -Surname "a" -SamAccountName "ab" -Path "OU=OU_Students,DC=cs,DC=southern,DC=edu" -AccountPassword (ConvertTo-SecureString "z36Hynyghg" -AsPlainText -Force) -Enabled $true

See: Excel Example

List of AD accounts and the last time they logged in

   1 # This method looks like it should work, but LastLogon is stored at each domain controller, and the domain controller you are using, may not have ever been logged into by the user
   2 Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchBase "dc=home,dc=scotnpatti,dc=com" -ResultPageSize 0 -Prop CN,samaccountname,lastLogonTimestamp | 
   3      select CN, samaccountname,@{n="lastLogonDate";e={[datetime]::FromFileTime($_.LastLogonTimestamp)}} 
   4 
   5 # INSTEAD USE THIS METHOD
   6 Import-Module ActiveDirectory
   7 function Get-LastLogonEvents
   8 {
   9     $dcs = Get-ADDomainController -Filter {Name -like "*"}
  10     $users = Get-ADUser -Filter *
  11     $time = 0
  12     foreach($user in $users)
  13     {
  14         foreach($dc in $dcs)
  15         {
  16             $hostname = $dc.HostName
  17             $currentUser = Get-ADUser $user.SamAccountName | Get-ADObject -Server $hostname -Properties lastLogon
  18             if($currentUser.LastLogon -gt $time)
  19             {
  20                 $time = $currentUser.LastLogon
  21             }
  22         }
  23         $dt = [DateTime]::FromFileTime($time)
  24         Write-Host $currentUser "last logged on at:" $dt
  25         $time = 0
  26     }
  27 }
  28 Get-LastLogonEvents

Delete AD User accounts that have not been used in X days

   1 $DaysAgo = (Get-Date).AddDays(-180)
   2 #Get-ADUser -Filter {Enabled -eq $True} -Properties LastLogonDate | ? {($_.LastLogonDate -le $DaysAgo)  } | FT Name, SamAccountName, DistinguishedName, LastLogonDate
   3 Get-ADUser -Filter {Enabled -eq $True} -Properties LastLogonDate | ? {($_.LastLogonDate -le $DaysAgo)  } | Remove-ADUser -Confirm

Delete AD Computer accounts that have not been used in X days

   1 $YearAgo = (Get-Date).AddDays(-370)
   2 Get-ADComputer -Filter * -Properties * | ? {$_.LastLogonDate -le $YearAgo } | Remove-ADObject -Recursive -Confirm 
   3 #Get-ADComputer -Filter * -Properties * | ? {$_.LastLogonDate -le $YearAgo } | FT Name, LastLogonDate -AutoSize

Adding DNS records to Windows DNS - For CPTR 446 class

   1 Import-Csv googleips.csv | ForEach-Object {
   2     Add-DnsServerResourceRecordA -Name $_.DNSName -ComputerName dc1.cs.southern.edu  -ZoneName cs.southern.edu $_.IP
   3 }

Setting up a Group Managed Service Account

An account that is automatically managed (e.g. password updates) by the domain. See get-help New-AdServiceAccount

   1 # Adds the required root key to the key distribution service
   2 Add-KdsRootKey -EffectiveTime ((get-date).AddHours(-10))
   3 #Create an account:
   4 New-ADServiceAccount Sql-Srv-Acct -DNSHostName Sql-Srv-Acct.home.scotpatti.com -PrincipalsAllowedToRetrieveManagedPassword "Domain Controllers"
   5 #Install account on rita.home.scotnpatti.com
   6 Install-ADServiceAccount -Identity 'Sql-Srv-Acct'

SCVMM Powershell scripts

I needed this once when I was trying to refresh the Library share. It failed on refresh with an error saying that a DVD was in use and wouldn't refresh until it was no longer in use. The following commands allowed me to identify the machines.

In general all of these need:

   1 Import-Module VirtualMachineManager

Get a list of Virtual Machines that have a DVD attached

   1 Get-SCVMMServer -ComputerName Samuel
   2 Get-SCVirtualMachine | Get-SCVirtualDVDDrive | Where-Object {$_.Connection -eq "ISOImage"} | Select Name, Connection, ISO

List VMs at the end of the semester to be deleted

   1 Get-SCVirtualMachine | Select Name, MarkedAsTemplate, Owner | Sort-Object -Property Owner, Name | Export-Csv -Path .\vms2019w.csv

Get a list of VM Mac Addresses for CPTR 427

   1 Get-SCVirtualMachine | Where-Object { $_.Name -like "*427*" } | select -ExpandProperty VirtualNetworkAdapters | select MacAddress

Get a list of IP address for SCVMM

   1 Get-SCMACAddress -Assigned | Format-Table -Property `
   2 @{label="MAC address"; expression={$_.Name};                  width=18},
   3 @{label="Name";        expression={$_.Description};           width=30},
   4 @{label="IP address";  expression={$a = $_.Address -replace ":", "";
   5                                    $l = Get-DhcpServerv4Lease -ScopeId 10.10.4.0 -ComputerName "ruth" -ClientId $a;
   6                                    $l.IPAddress};             width=16}
   7 
   8 #Get-DhcpServerv4Lease -ScopeId 216.249.119.0 -ComputerName 'csdc01' -ClientId '001DD8B71C28'

Setting up a Windows 2019 Server for the first time

  1. Install the server - follow prompts.
  2. Setup the AVMA key as shown below OR use sconfig in the next step.

   1 # Install the AVMA key.
   2 slmgr /ipk TNK62-RXVTB-4P47B-2D623-4GF74
   3 
   4  1. 
   5 
   6 #First run sconfig and setup the name, timezone and network, remote management and remote desktop. You can also setup windows update from here. 
   7 
   8 # Next we need to install Windows update and get it started.
   9 # This will install nuget package too.
  10 Install-Module PSWindowsUpdate
  11 
  12 # Now start the update process
  13 #   First we'll look at what updates are there
  14 Get-WUInstall 
  15 #   Now install them
  16 Install-WindowsUpdate

See the NAT setup near the bottom! That appears to have negated the need to change firewall rules. Also, I was not able to connect to the system via Server Manager right away. But a few minutes later, I could. No changes were made. But for posterity, they are here:

   1 # To turn on or off the firewall 
   2 Get-NetFirewallProfile
   3 # to set firewall on or off
   4 Set-NetFirewallProfile -Name Domain,Public,Private -Enabled True
   5 
   6 #Te get/set the firewall rule for private networks to allow any machine on a private network.
   7 Get-NetFirewallRule | ? {$_.DisplayGroup -like "Windows Remote Management*" -and $_.Profile -like "*Private*"} | Get-NetFirewallAddressFilter #Shows the address filter
   8 Get-NetFirewallRule | ? {$_.DisplayGroup -like "Windows Remote Management*" -and $_.Profile -like "*Private*"} | Set-NetFirewallRule -RemoteAddress 192.168.1.0/24

Using Server Manager, install AD DS

Power shell to list of VM hard drives sizes

   1 $vms = Get-SCVirtualDiskDrive -all
   2 foreach ($v in $vms)
   3 {
   4     $d = $v | select -ExpandProperty VirtualHardDisk
   5     Write-Output "$($v.Name), $($d.Size)"
   6 }

List the amount of memory used by virtual machines

   1 Get-SCVirtualMachine | ForEach-Object { $size += $_.Memory }

Resources:

Power Shell Scripts to create a NAT network (without DHCP) on Windows 10

   1 New-VMSwitch -SwitchName "CPTE230" -SwitchType Internal
   2 Get-VMSwitch #just for show
   3 Get-NetAdapter #get the ifIndex of your vEthernet adapter e.g. 67
   4 New-NetIPAddress -IPAddress 192.168.1.1 -PrefixLength 24 -InterfaceIndex 67 #Using the network ifIndex found above, e.g. 67
   5 New-NetNat -Name CPTE230NAT -InternalIPInterfaceAddressPrefix 192.168.1.0/24 #create the NAT 

WindowsAdministration/PowerShellScripts (last edited 2024-08-30 00:21:07 by scot)