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$policy = New-WBPolicy #Note that this is the backukp policy, its like a job, but you can only have one of these daily backups weird huh? Yeah, I'll show you a different way later! | $policy = New-WBPolicy #Note that this is the backup policy, its like a job, but you can only have one of these daily backups weird huh? Yeah, I'll show you a different way later! |
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== Getting Rid of Pesky Service Not Running Errors == Did you ever look at your server dashboard and see a big fat red mark next to services only to find out that it is a service that will just quit again if you run it. You look into it and, no you don't need it!!! Two such services are: * OneSyncSvc * WpnUserService Here is how to turn them off: {{{#!highlight powershell Set-ItemProperty -Path "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\OneSyncSvc*" -Name "Start" -Value 4 Set-ItemProperty -Path "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WpnUserService*" -Name "Start" -Value 4 }}} If you just want these to be "Manual" instead of "Disabled" use a value of 3 instead of 4. |
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OR Use Choco: https://chocolatey.org {{{#!highlight powershell c:\> choco install -y rsat }}} == Install App Compatibility on Server Core == 1. Download the ISO (or if you are using my VM infrastructure, its already available, just load it into your DVD drive) {{{#!highlight powershell Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name ServerCore.AppCompatibility -Source D:\LanguagesAndOptionalFeatures -LimitAccess }}} OR If you are lucky, you can try this one: {{{#!highlight powershell Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name ServerCore.AppCompatibility~~~~0.0.1.0 }}} Don't forget to eject the DVD. |
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== List of AD accounts and the last time they logged in == | == List of AD accounts and the last time they logged in and created date == |
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# INSTEAD USE THIS METHOD | # INSTEAD USE THIS METHOD # NOTE: if run on a domain controller, it must be run as an elevated user. It appears to run fine from a client without elevated privileges #To get the correct created dates, you must run this script from an elevated prompt or NOT ON A DOMAIN CONTROLLER |
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$time = 0 | |
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$time = 0 $created = Get-Date -Date "8/10/2000 12:00:00 AM" |
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$currentUser = Get-ADUser $user.SamAccountName | Get-ADObject -Server $hostname -Properties lastLogon | $aduser = Get-ADUser $user.SamAccountName -Properties whenCreated $currentUser = $aduser | Get-ADObject -Server $hostname -Properties lastLogon, lastLogonTimestamp |
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} if($currentUser.LastLogonTimeStamp -gt $time) { $time = $currentUser.LastLogonTimeStamp } if($aduser.whenCreated -gt $created) { $created = $aduser.whenCreated |
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$temp | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Created" -Value $created | |
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$myList = Get-LastLogonEvents | Sort-Object LastLogon | FT SamAccountName, LastLogon Write-Output $myList |
$myList = Get-LastLogonEvents | Sort-Object Created,LastLogon | Select SamAccountName, LastLogon, Created #Write-Output $myList $myList | Export-Csv -Path "C:\Users\scot\Desktop\Users12-14-2021.csv" |
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Looking for a one liner that will work from the client? {{{ Get-ADUser -filter {enabled -eq $true} -Properties * | Select-Object Name,@{N='LastLogon';E={[DateTime]::FromFileTime($_.LastLogon)}}|Sort-Object LastLogon -Descending }}} |
Here is a list of Power Shell Scripts that are too cool to ignore
Contents
- Here is a list of Power Shell Scripts that are too cool to ignore
-
Windows
- Basic filtering of services
- Expand all zip files into directories with zip name
- List of Listening Ports with their owning programs
- List Memory Installed
- List object from Registry - namely version of .NET installed
- Remote Session / Shell
- Remote commands
- Replace a string in a file using a regular expression
- Windows Backup Setup
- Getting Rid of Pesky Service Not Running Errors
-
AD Scripts
- Add RSAT tools to Windows 10
- Install App Compatibility on Server Core
- Add User to the Active Directory as a batch
- List of AD accounts and the last time they logged in and created date
- Delete AD User accounts that have not been used in X days
- Delete AD Computer accounts that have not been used in X days
- List AD Computer accounts and the last time they have been logged in
- Adding DNS records to Windows DNS - For CPTR 446 class
- Setting up a Group Managed Service Account
- Setting up a Storage Pool & Virtual Disk
-
SCVMM Powershell scripts
- Get a list of Virtual Machines that have a DVD attached
- List VMs at the end of the semester to be deleted
- Get a list of VM Mac Addresses for CPTR 427
- Add DHCP Reservations to Ruth
- Get a list of IP address for SCVMM
- List SCVMM VMs/Templates and their Ownership - Change Ownership
- List SCVMM VMs/Templates LimitCPUForMigration and Set to allow migration
- List SCVMM VMs that are not associated with the cloud and associate them
- Setting up a Windows 2019 Server for the first time
- Power shell to list of VM hard drives sizes
- List the amount of memory used by virtual machines
- Power Shell Scripts to create a NAT network (without DHCP) on Windows 10
- Power Shell Script to List Network Adapters on a VM
- List VLANs for all CPTR 427 Virtual Machines in System Center
- List All disconnected Adapters
- Revoke all MAC addresses Back to the Pool
- Change all VMs to use Dynamic Memory and reduce memory usage
For the uninitiated:
Symbol |
Meaning |
% |
shortcut for foreach object |
$_ |
current object in the pipeline |
Get-Member |
Will list the fields of the object you send it |
Sort-Object -Property [property name] |
Will sort the objects you send in by the property name(s) which can be a comma separated list |
Where-Object {$_.property -like '*string*'} |
Will filter the objects. Also short cut notation: ? {$_.property -like '*string*'} |
Get-Command -Module PSWindowsUpdate |
Lists all the commands in the PSWindowsUpdate module |
Windows
Basic filtering of services
1 Get-Service | ? { ($_.Status -eq "Running") -and ($_.StartType -eq "Manual") }
Expand all zip files into directories with zip name
List of Listening Ports with their owning programs
1 $listening = (Get-NetTCPConnection | ? {($_.State -eq "Listen") -and ($_.RemoteAddress -eq "0.0.0.0")})
2 foreach ($l in $listening) {
3 $procid = $l.OwningProcess
4 $proc = Get-Process -PID $procid | SELECT ID,ProcessName
5 Write-Host $($l.LocalPort) "||" $($procid) "||" $proc.ProcessName
6 }
7
8 $udp = Get-NetUDPEndpoint
9 foreach ($u in $udp) {
10 $procid = $u.OwningProcess
11 $proc = Get-Process -PID $procid | SELECT ID,ProcessName
12 Write-Host "||" $($u.LocalAddress) "||" $($u.LocalPort) "||" $($procid) "||" $proc.ProcessName "||"
13 }
List Memory Installed
1 Get-WmiObject win32_physicalmemory | Format-Table Manufacturer,Banklabel,Configuredclockspeed,Devicelocator,Capacity,Serialnumber -autosize
List object from Registry - namely version of .NET installed
1 gci 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP' | sort pschildname -des | foreach-object {$_.name; $_.GetValue("Version");}
Remote Session / Shell
1 Enter-PSSession -Computer [ComputerName]
Remote commands
1 Invoke-Command -ComputerName eve -ScriptBlock { date }
Replace a string in a file using a regular expression
So I downloaded a bunch of files from "the way back machine" site and I needed to update the hard-coded links to be relative site links. The following little script did it for me.
Windows Backup Setup
Suppose that we have added a new disk for local backup purposes and that it is Disk 1.
1 Add-WindowsFeature -Name Windows-Server-Backup
2 $policy = New-WBPolicy #Note that this is the backup policy, its like a job, but you can only have one of these daily backups weird huh? Yeah, I'll show you a different way later!
3 Add-WBSystemState -Policy $policy
4 $volumes = Get-WBVolume -CriticalVolumes
5 Add-WBVolume -Policy $policy -Volume $volumes
6 $disks = GEt-WBDisk
7 $target = New-WBBackupTarget -Disk $disks[1]
8 Add-WBBackupTarget -Policy $policy -Target $target
9 Set-WBSchedule -Policy $policy -Schedule "01:30" #Daily at 1:30 AM
10 Set-WBPolicy -Policy $policy #save this as the default policy, and answer Y to the format backup storage disk.
Getting Rid of Pesky Service Not Running Errors
Did you ever look at your server dashboard and see a big fat red mark next to services only to find out that it is a service that will just quit again if you run it. You look into it and, no you don't need it!!! Two such services are:
Here is how to turn them off:
If you just want these to be "Manual" instead of "Disabled" use a value of 3 instead of 4.
AD Scripts
Add RSAT tools to Windows 10
1 Get-WindowsCapability -Name RSAT* -Online | Add-WindowsCapability -Online
OR Use Choco: https://chocolatey.org
1 c:\> choco install -y rsat
Install App Compatibility on Server Core
- Download the ISO (or if you are using my VM infrastructure, its already available, just load it into your DVD drive)
1 Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name ServerCore.AppCompatibility -Source D:\LanguagesAndOptionalFeatures -LimitAccess
OR If you are lucky, you can try this one:
1 Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name ServerCore.AppCompatibility~~~~0.0.1.0
Don't forget to eject the DVD.
Add User to the Active Directory as a batch
1 New-ADUser -Name "A a" -GivenName "A" -Surname "a" -SamAccountName "ab" -Path "OU=OU_Students,DC=cs,DC=southern,DC=edu" -AccountPassword (ConvertTo-SecureString "z36Hynyghg" -AsPlainText -Force) -Enabled $true
See: Excel Example
List of AD accounts and the last time they logged in and created date
1 # This method looks like it should work, but LastLogon is stored at each domain controller, and the domain controller you are
2 # using, may not have ever been logged into by the user
3 #Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchBase "dc=home,dc=scotnpatti,dc=com" -ResultPageSize 0 -Prop CN,samaccountname,lastLogonTimestamp |
4 # select CN, samaccountname,@{n="lastLogonDate";e={[datetime]::FromFileTime($_.LastLogonTimestamp)}}
5
6 # INSTEAD USE THIS METHOD
7 # NOTE: if run on a domain controller, it must be run as an elevated user. It appears to run fine from a client without elevated privileges
8 #To get the correct created dates, you must run this script from an elevated prompt or NOT ON A DOMAIN CONTROLLER
9 Import-Module ActiveDirectory
10 function Get-LastLogonEvents
11 {
12 $UserList = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
13 $dcs = Get-ADDomainController -Filter {Name -like "*"}
14 $users = Get-ADUser -Filter *
15 foreach($user in $users)
16 {
17 $time = 0
18 $created = Get-Date -Date "8/10/2000 12:00:00 AM"
19 foreach($dc in $dcs)
20 {
21 $hostname = $dc.HostName
22 $aduser = Get-ADUser $user.SamAccountName -Properties whenCreated
23 $currentUser = $aduser | Get-ADObject -Server $hostname -Properties lastLogon, lastLogonTimestamp
24 if($currentUser.LastLogon -gt $time)
25 {
26 $time = $currentUser.LastLogon
27 }
28 if($currentUser.LastLogonTimeStamp -gt $time)
29 {
30 $time = $currentUser.LastLogonTimeStamp
31 }
32 if($aduser.whenCreated -gt $created)
33 {
34 $created = $aduser.whenCreated
35 }
36 }
37
38 $dt = [DateTime]::FromFileTime($time)
39 $temp = New-Object System.Object
40 $temp | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "SamAccountName" -Value $user.SamAccountName
41 $temp | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "LastLogon" -Value $dt
42 $temp | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Created" -Value $created
43 $UserList.Add($temp) | Out-Null
44 $time = 0
45 }
46 return $UserList
47 }
48 $myList = Get-LastLogonEvents | Sort-Object Created,LastLogon | Select SamAccountName, LastLogon, Created
49 #Write-Output $myList
50 $myList | Export-Csv -Path "C:\Users\scot\Desktop\Users12-14-2021.csv"
Delete AD User accounts that have not been used in X days
1 $DaysAgo = (Get-Date).AddDays(-180)
2 #Get-ADUser -Filter {Enabled -eq $True} -Properties LastLogonDate | ? {($_.LastLogonDate -le $DaysAgo) } | FT Name, SamAccountName, DistinguishedName, LastLogonDate
3 Get-ADUser -Filter {Enabled -eq $True} -Properties LastLogonDate | ? {($_.LastLogonDate -le $DaysAgo) } | Remove-ADUser -Confirm
Delete AD Computer accounts that have not been used in X days
List AD Computer accounts and the last time they have been logged in
1 # This method looks like it should work, but LastLogon is stored at each domain controller, and the domain controller you are
2 # using, may not have ever been logged into by the user
3 #Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchBase "dc=home,dc=scotnpatti,dc=com" -ResultPageSize 0 -Prop CN,samaccountname,lastLogonTimestamp |
4 # select CN, samaccountname,@{n="lastLogonDate";e={[datetime]::FromFileTime($_.LastLogonTimestamp)}}
5
6 # INSTEAD USE THIS METHOD
7 Import-Module ActiveDirectory
8 function Get-LastComputerLogonEvents
9 {
10 $ComputerList = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
11 $dcs = Get-ADDomainController -Filter {Name -like "*"}
12 Write-Output $dcs
13 $computers = Get-AdComputer -Filter *
14 $time = 0
15 foreach($computer in $computers)
16 {
17 foreach($dc in $dcs)
18 {
19 $hostname = $dc.HostName
20 $currentComputer = Get-ADComputer $computer.SamAccountName | Get-ADObject -Server $hostname -Properties lastLogon
21 if($currentComputer.LastLogon -gt $time)
22 {
23 $time = $currentComputer.LastLogon
24 }
25 }
26
27 $dt = [DateTime]::FromFileTime($time)
28 $temp = New-Object System.Object
29 $temp | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "SamAccountName" -Value $computer.SamAccountName
30 $temp | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "LastLogon" -Value $dt
31 $ComputerList.Add($temp) | Out-Null
32 $time = 0
33 }
34 return $ComputerList
35 }
36 $myList = Get-LastComputerLogonEvents | Sort-Object LastLogon | FT SamAccountName, LastLogon
37 Write-Output $myList
Adding DNS records to Windows DNS - For CPTR 446 class
Setting up a Group Managed Service Account
An account that is automatically managed (e.g. password updates) by the domain. See get-help New-AdServiceAccount
1 # Adds the required root key to the key distribution service
2 Add-KdsRootKey -EffectiveTime ((get-date).AddHours(-10))
3 #Create an account:
4 New-ADServiceAccount Sql-Srv-Acct -DNSHostName Sql-Srv-Acct.home.scotpatti.com -PrincipalsAllowedToRetrieveManagedPassword "Domain Controllers"
5 #Install account on rita.home.scotnpatti.com
6 Install-ADServiceAccount -Identity 'Sql-Srv-Acct'
Setting up a Storage Pool & Virtual Disk
1 $PhysicalDisk=(Get-PhysicalDisk -CanPool $True
2 New-StoragePool -FriendlyName Carribean -StorageSubSystemFriendlyName "Windows Storage*" -ResiliencySettingNameDefault Parity -ProvisioningTypeDefault Thin -PhysicalDisks $PhysicalDisks -Verbose
3 New-VirtualDisk -StoragePoolFriendlyName Carribean -FriendlyName StarFish -ResiliencySettingName Parity -Size 2GB
4 Get-VirtualDisk -FriendlyName StarFish | Initialize-Disk -PartitionStyle GPT -PassThru
5 #Get-Disk #will list the number of the StarFish disk if you don't see it from the command above
6 New-Partition -DiskNumber [X] -DriveLetter '[Y]' -UseMaximumSize
7 Format-Volume -DriveLetter '[Y]' -FileSystem NTFS
Looking for a one liner that will work from the client?
Get-ADUser -filter {enabled -eq $true} -Properties * | Select-Object Name,@{N='LastLogon';E={[DateTime]::FromFileTime($_.LastLogon)}}|Sort-Object LastLogon -Descending
SCVMM Powershell scripts
I needed this once when I was trying to refresh the Library share. It failed on refresh with an error saying that a DVD was in use and wouldn't refresh until it was no longer in use. The following commands allowed me to identify the machines.
In general all of these need:
1 Import-Module VirtualMachineManager
Get a list of Virtual Machines that have a DVD attached
List VMs at the end of the semester to be deleted
1 Get-SCVirtualMachine | Select Name, MarkedAsTemplate, Owner | Sort-Object -Property Owner, Name | Export-Csv -Path .\vms2019w.csv
Get a list of VM Mac Addresses for CPTR 427
1 Get-SCVirtualMachine | Where-Object { $_.Name -like "*427*" } | select -ExpandProperty VirtualNetworkAdapters | select MacAddress
Add DHCP Reservations to Ruth
1 Add-DhcpServerv4Reservation -ScopeId 10.10.4.0 -IPAddress 10.10.4.10 -ClientId "00-1D-D8-C0-00-01" -ComputerName "ruth" -Description "00-1D-D8-C0-00-01"
Get a list of IP address for SCVMM
1 Get-SCMACAddress -Assigned | Format-Table -Property `
2 @{label="MAC address"; expression={$_.Name}; width=18},
3 @{label="Name"; expression={$_.Description}; width=30},
4 @{label="IP address"; expression={$a = $_.Address -replace ":", "";
5 $l = Get-DhcpServerv4Lease -ScopeId 10.10.4.0 -ComputerName "ruth" -ClientId $a;
6 $l.IPAddress}; width=16}
7
8 #Get-DhcpServerv4Lease -ScopeId 216.249.119.0 -ComputerName 'csdc01' -ClientId '001DD8B71C28'
List SCVMM VMs/Templates and their Ownership - Change Ownership
List SCVMM VMs/Templates LimitCPUForMigration and Set to allow migration
Note: Setting LimitCPUForMigration = $true means that we are limiting the CPU so that it can migrate to different versions of the same CPU.
List SCVMM VMs that are not associated with the cloud and associate them
Setting up a Windows 2019 Server for the first time
- Install the server - follow prompts.
- Setup the AVMA key as shown below OR use sconfig in the next step.
1 # Install the AVMA key.
2 slmgr /ipk TNK62-RXVTB-4P47B-2D623-4GF74
3
4 1.
5
6 #First run sconfig and setup the name, timezone and network, remote management and remote desktop. You can also setup windows update from here.
7
8 # Next we need to install Windows update and get it started.
9 # This will install nuget package too.
10 Install-Module PSWindowsUpdate
11
12 # Now start the update process
13 # First we'll look at what updates are there
14 Get-WUInstall
15 # Now install them
16 Install-WindowsUpdate
See the NAT setup near the bottom! That appears to have negated the need to change firewall rules. Also, I was not able to connect to the system via Server Manager right away. But a few minutes later, I could. No changes were made. But for posterity, they are here:
1 # To turn on or off the firewall
2 Get-NetFirewallProfile
3 # to set firewall on or off
4 Set-NetFirewallProfile -Name Domain,Public,Private -Enabled True
5
6 #Te get/set the firewall rule for private networks to allow any machine on a private network.
7 Get-NetFirewallRule | ? {$_.DisplayGroup -like "Windows Remote Management*" -and $_.Profile -like "*Private*"} | Get-NetFirewallAddressFilter #Shows the address filter
8 Get-NetFirewallRule | ? {$_.DisplayGroup -like "Windows Remote Management*" -and $_.Profile -like "*Private*"} | Set-NetFirewallRule -RemoteAddress 192.168.1.0/24
Using Server Manager, install AD DS
Power shell to list of VM hard drives sizes
List the amount of memory used by virtual machines
1 Get-SCVirtualMachine | ForEach-Object { $size += $_.Memory }
Resources:
Power Shell Scripts to create a NAT network (without DHCP) on Windows 10
1 New-VMSwitch -SwitchName "CPTE230" -SwitchType Internal
2 Get-VMSwitch #just for show
3 Get-NetAdapter #get the ifIndex of your vEthernet adapter e.g. 67
4 New-NetIPAddress -IPAddress 192.168.1.1 -PrefixLength 24 -InterfaceIndex 67 #Using the network ifIndex found above, e.g. 67
5 New-NetNat -Name CPTE230NAT -InternalIPInterfaceAddressPrefix 192.168.1.0/24 #create the NAT
Power Shell Script to List Network Adapters on a VM
Note: When looking at the VirtualNetworkAdapterType value, "Emulated" means that it is "legacy" network adapter and "Synthetic" means its a non-legacy adapter.
1 Get-SCVirtualMachine | ? { $_.Name -like "*pfsense*" } | Get-SCVirtualNetworkAdapter
List VLANs for all CPTR 427 Virtual Machines in System Center
List All disconnected Adapters
Revoke all MAC addresses Back to the Pool
This came up as a maintenance issue when we lost some VMs, but not the configurations
Change all VMs to use Dynamic Memory and reduce memory usage
1 $list = Get-SCVirtualMachine | ? { ($_.Name -like "*427*") -and ($_.DynamicMemoryEnabled -eq $False) }
2 foreach ($vm in $list) {
3 if ($vm.Status -ne "PowerOff") {Stop-SCVirtualMachine -VM $vm}
4 Set-SCVirtualMachine -VM $vm -DynamicMemoryEnabled $True -MemoryMB 1024 -DynamicMemoryMinimumMB 1024 -DynamicMemoryMaximumMB 6144
5 }