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Hacking Exposed Chapter 4: Hacking Windows

Unauthenticated Attacks

Authentication spoofing

Network services

Client vulnerabilities

Device drivers

Authentication spoofing

• Remote password guessing
  • Countermeasures
• Eavesdropping on network password exchange
  • Countermeasures
• Man-in-the-middle attacks
  • Countermeasures

Remote Unauthenticated Exploits

• Network Service Exploits
  • Countermeasures
• End-User Application Exploits
  • Countermeasures
• Device Driver Exploits
  • Countermeasures

Authenticated Attacks

• Privilege Escalation
  • Countermeasures

Extracting and Cracking passwords

• Grabbing the Password Hashes (with pwdump)
  • Countermeasures
• Cracking passwords
  • Countermeasures
• Dumping cached Passwords
  • Countermeasures

Remote Control and Back doors

• Command-line Remote control tools
• Graphical Remote control

Covering Tracks

• Disable Auditing
• Clear event log
• Hiding files
  • Alternative Data Streams (ADS)
  • Countermeasures

General countermeasures

• Filenames: Look for suspicious filenames left over
• Registry Entries: Hunt down any rogue registry entries
• Processes: Look for unnecessary processes running
• Ports: Look for rogue connections

Windows Security Features

• Firewall
• Automated updates
• Security center
• Security policy and group policy
• Bitlocker and the Encrypted File System (EFS)

Windows Resource Protection

• Integrity Levels, UAC, and LoRIE
• Data Execution Prevention (DEP)

Service Hardening

• Service Resource Isolation
• Least Privilege Services
• Service Refactoring